NOTES - COMMERCEIETS

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION IS CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE COMMENT

October 13, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

Certificate of incorporation is conclusive evidence comment. The statement that ‘A certificate of incorporation is conclusive evidence that all the requirements of the Companies act have been complied with’ is very true. Certificate of incorporation is the certificate granted to public as well as private company to recognise its existence in the eyes of law….

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

INCORPORATION OF COMPANY IN COMPANY LAW

October 12, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

INCORPORATION OF COMPANY IN COMPANY LAW: Stages of incorporation or formation of company. INCORPORATION OF COMPANY Incorporation is done by getting the company registered with the Registrar of Companies. The required fee for registration is paid and the certificate of Registration is obtained from the Registrar of Companies. The company becomes an entity only after…

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

October 11, 2022March 25, 2025 commerceiets

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMPANY UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013 PRIVATE COMPANY: Section 2(68) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 defines a Private Company as a company which has a minimum paid up capital as may be prescribed, and by its articles: (i) restricts the rights of its members to transfer of share, (if it…

KEY DIFFERENCES, CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

CONVERSION OF PUBLIC COMPANY INTO PRIVATE COMPANY

October 11, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

CONVERSION OF PUBLIC COMPANY INTO PRIVATE COMPANY AS PER COMPANIES ACT 2013 PUBLIC COMPANY According to the Companies Act of 2013, a company that is listed on a stock exchange and is able to offer its securities to the general public is referred to as a public company. The company must launch an IPO in…

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

Special privileges of private company under company law

October 11, 2022February 28, 2025 commerceiets

Special privileges of private company under company law PRIVATE COMPANY: A private company is a firm held under private ownership. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders, but their shares do not trade on public exchanges and are not issued through an initial public offering (IPO). Section 2(68) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015…

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

LIFTING UP OF CORPORATE VEIL UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

October 11, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

LIFTING UP OF CORPORATE VEIL UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013: Statutory provisions and judicial provisions, Salmon vs Salmon & Co. case CORPORATE VEIL The Corporate Veil is a shield that protects the members from the action of the company. In simple terms, if a company violates any law or incurs any liability, then the members cannot…

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

FEATURES OF COMPANIES UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013

October 11, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

FEATURES OF COMPANIES UNDER COMPANIES ACT 2013: Statutory body, voluntary association, minimum and maximum number of members, perpetual succession, common seal, registration, transferability of shares etc. Company is an artificial person created by the law for some common purpose where the capital is divisible into parts known as shares with perpetual succession and common seal. ACCORDING…

CORPORATE OR COMPANY LAW

KINDS OF COMPANIES IN COMPANY LAW

October 11, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

KINDS OF COMPANIES IN COMPANY LAW : Statutory companies, chartered companies, registered company, foreign companies, investment companies, one person company, public company, private company etc. QUESTION: Define a private company and state the special privileges which it enjoys under the Companies Act, 2013? ANSWER: PRIVATE COMPANY A private company is a firm held under private…

GNDU STUDENT NOTES

COMPANY AND ITS FEATURES

September 30, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

COMPANY AND ITS FEATURES NOTES: Characteristics of Company, Lifting up of corporate veil Question: Define a company and explain its special characteristics? Company is an artificial person created by the law for some common purpose where the capital is divisible into parts known as shares with perpetual succession and common seal. ACCORDING TO PROF. HANEY “A…

Read More “COMPANY AND ITS FEATURES” »

GNDU STUDENT NOTES

REGRESSION ANALYSIS: TYPES, PROPERTIES, IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONS

August 9, 2022 commerceiets No Comments

REGRESSION ANALYSIS: MEANING The statistical technique of estimating or predicting the unknown value of a dependent variable from the known value of an independent variable is called regression analysis. Sir Francis Galton introduced the concept of regression for the first time in 1877 where he studied the case of one thousand fathers and sons and…

BUSINESS STATISTICS