MEANING OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
A school is a society in its miniature form. A visit to some school gives reflection of the society form where the children come to the school. School is on organization. The word organization comes from the word organ, and organs are living things. Our eye is an organ; so is our ear, mouth, heart, kidney, Liver and many others. All these organs have specific work to do. A healthy living body has all its organs working properly. A healthy society has all its organization working well in relation to one another. Societies setup organization to do specific work.
An organization is thus the result of the grouping of work and the allocation of duties, responsibilities and authority to achieve specific goals. School is also an organization. The children receiving education in school, they are the destiny of the nation. So, setting up a good school is the need of every social group.
Meaning of School organization
School organization is nothing but organization of school. The term school organization consist of two words.
School + Organization
SCHOOL
Different type of educationists attach different meanings to the term school i.e. temple of learning, where students sit together under the same roof, on the same floor or carpet or desk and learn from the same teacher irrespective of caste, creed, colour and religion. There are some who call a school; it is society in miniature form. However, some feel satisfied to call it a place of learning and some other’s viewpoints will further clarify the concept.
ACCORDING TO RYBURN
Ryburn holds the view that, “A school is a cooperative society i.e. a place where giving and cooperation is experienced by all.”
ACCORDING TO JOHN DEWEY
“The school is a special environment where a certain quality of life and certain types of activities and occupation are provided to the students with the object of security of Childs development along desirable’s lines.”
ACCORDING TO NUNN
“The school must be thought of primarily not as a place of learning where certain knowledge is learnt but as a place where young are disciplined in a certain form of activities namely those that are of the greatest and most those that are of the greatest and most permanent significance in the wider world.
ACCORDING TO A.K.C. OTTAWAY
“The school may be regarded as a social invention to serve society for the specialised teaching of the young.”
The school is a place where experiments in life are carried on and where other experiments in life will be read about and told about. School is a reflection of the larger society outside its walls in which life can be learnt by living.
MEANING OF ORGANIZATION
The word organization has been interpreted in different ways by different experts. According to sears an organization is like, a machine for doing work. It may be comprised primarily of persons, of materials, of ideas, of concepts, of forms rules, principles or more often, of combination of these machines may work out, materially or its operation may be subject of human judgement of will. It is like a healthy body. Health is the prerequisite of a successful human being.
ACCORDING TO ELSBREE
“Organization of school is the administrative expression of educational theory.”
ACCORDING TO STEAL
“Organization is an agency by which we achieve the desired objectives.”
ACCORDING TO RYBURN
“Organization simply means the practical measures which we take to ensure that the system of work of work use will be of the greatest possible assistance in carrying out aims and of the greatest benefits of our children.” organization means the practical measures which we take to ensure that the system of work we use, will be of the greatest possible assistance in carrying out of our arms to the greatest benefits of our children.
So, organization deals with making systematic arrangement so that the purpose of entire programme can be achieved organization of a school systematises, regularises and patterners its activities in an effective way. The good organization is that which ensures unity of effort, efficiency, goodwill and optimum and proper use of resources for the benefit of the students.
MEANING OF MANAGEMENT
The term management is very comprehensive. It is certainly broader than the organization and administration.
In case the people of a village decide to open a school their own in it. First of all the question arises as to why they want to open a school. May be that they want their Children to be educated in their own village be educated. This aim is important both for organization, management and administration. There can be no organization or administration or management without the aims. The management improves the efficiency and also makes sure that aims and objectives of education are achieved. It fixes up the goals of education, decides the policy matter provides for us organization and administration, in this way that it achieves the fixed goals.
ACCORDING TO ROSSMOORE
“Management means decision-making.”
ACCORDING TO F.W. TAYLOR
“Management is the art of knowing what you want to do in the best and cheapest way.”
ACCORDING TO HENRY FAYOL
“To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control.”
ACCORDING TO R. S. DAVAR
“Management involves the formulation of objectives, the process of planning, organization, staffing, executing, co-ordinating, evaluating, controlling, motivating with view to attain the objectives and finally involving to improve the functioning for future.”
ACCORDING TO ROBERT ALBANCE
“Management is the work of creating and maintaining environment in which people can achieve their goals efficiently.”
ACCORDING TO PETERSON AND PLOWMAN
“Management may be defined as the process by means of which the purpose and objectives of a particular human group are determined, classified and effectuated.”
On the basis of these definitions of management, it is such a process which makes possible the maximum and most efficient use of human and physical resources by planned organization, appointments direction and controlling of human groups and provide help in achieving the pre-determined objectives.
Management is an art of getting the work done from others.
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
School management means a management body responsible for the running of an institution. The management is responsible for the financial matters as well as general policy of the institution. School management is the dynamic side of educational enterprise.
Origin and meaning of School Management
Until the beginning of the twentieth century the term ‘management’ was not in common use in educational literature, although, it had figured as far back as 1872 in the publication by Harding titled as “Practical Handbook of school management by teachers”.
In India, the concept of school management hardly existed before 1980. This is born out of the fact that Encyclopaedia Dictionary and Directory of Education, volume II (1990), A. so the concept of school management became popular only in the last decade of the 20th century.
ACCORDING TO THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF EDUCATION BY PAUL MONRE
“School management, as a body of educational doctrines comprises a number of principles and precepts relating primarily to the techniques of classroom procedure, and derived largely form the practice of successful teachers. The writers in the field have interpreted these principles and precepts in various ways usually by reference of large and more fundamental principles of psychology, sociology and ethics.”