{"id":8909,"date":"2024-01-15T14:59:23","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T14:59:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=8909"},"modified":"2024-01-15T14:59:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T14:59:25","slug":"b-ed-notes-on-languages-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/b-ed-notes-on-languages-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA- PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS SOLVED"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>QUESTION: Discuss various constitutional provisions regarding languages in Indian Constitution.<\/strong> (<strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>QUESTION: Define Language. Discuss various constitutional provisions related to language in Indian Constitution.<\/strong> (<strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>QUESTION:<\/strong> <strong>Discuss constitutional provisions related to language in India. How far are you satisfied with the present status of language policy of India?<\/strong> (<strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LANGUAGE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Language is a system of communication that consists of a set of sounds, symbols, and rules for combining them. It is a unique and fundamental aspect of human communication and expression. Language enables individuals to convey their thoughts, ideas, feelings, and information to others. It serves as a tool for social interaction, cultural expression, and the transmission of knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Key components of language include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6e0dd\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6e0dd;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-169.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"has-transparency wp-image-8910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-169.png 908w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-169-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-169-768x444.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sounds (Phonetics and Phonology):<\/strong> Spoken language involves the production of sounds, and the study of these sounds is known as phonetics. Phonology deals with the organization and systematic arrangement of sounds in a particular language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Words (Morphology):<\/strong> Language is composed of meaningful units known as words. Morphology is the study of the structure and formation of words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Meaning (Semantics):<\/strong> Words and combinations of words convey meaning. Semantics is the study of meaning in language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Grammar and Syntax:<\/strong> Grammar refers to the rules governing the structure of sentences and the arrangement of words. Syntax specifically deals with sentence structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Writing (Orthography):<\/strong> Many languages have a written form, and orthography is the set of conventions for writing a language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rules of Use (Pragmatics):<\/strong> Pragmatics involves the study of how context influences the interpretation of language. It includes the rules for appropriate language use in different social and cultural contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Languages can vary significantly across cultures and regions, leading to the existence of numerous languages and dialects worldwide. Each language is a dynamic system that evolves over time, reflecting the cultural, historical, and social context of the communities that use it. Language is central to human identity and plays a crucial role in shaping thought, perception, and interaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS REGARDING LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"8ee282\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #8ee282;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-170.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"has-transparency wp-image-8911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-170.png 900w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-170-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-170-768x465.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EIGHTH SCHEDULE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution lists 22 languages that are recognized as scheduled languages. These languages are entitled to representation in the official languages of the Republic of India. The list can be amended by Parliament by law. The names of 22 languages are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Assamese<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Oriya<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bengali<\/strong><\/td><td>Punjabi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Gujarati<\/strong><\/td><td>Sanskriti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Hindi<\/strong><\/td><td>Sindhi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kannada<\/strong><\/td><td>Tamil<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kashmiri<\/strong><\/td><td>Telugu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Konkani<\/strong><\/td><td>Urdu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Malayalam<\/strong><\/td><td>Bodo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Manipuri<\/strong><\/td><td>Santhali<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Marathi<\/strong><\/td><td>Maithili<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nepali<\/strong><\/td><td>Dogri<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1949:<\/strong> Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Oriya, Sanskriti, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1967:<\/strong> Sindhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1992:<\/strong> Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 2004:<\/strong> Bodo, Dogri, Matithali, Santhali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three views regarding the Eighth Schedule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Some view it as the end- the ultimate goal (like by language activists)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some view the Schedule as a port that lies in the mid-course- as a milestone for direction or as an instrument of change.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some view the Schedule as a beginning- a preamble with expected political overtones and an policy of language engineering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Criterion for inclusion of language in Eighth Schedule<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Criteria for the inclusion of languages in the Eighth Schedule can be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Literary traditions and scripts of their own.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spoken by the largest number of people in large contiguous geographical zones as dominant languages of certain regions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Political concessions. (Sindhi, Nepali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being recognized as official languages in newly formed states. (Konkani, Manipuri)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being a classical language of culture and heritage and also a resource language in modernizing the major literary languages. (Sanskrit)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being spoken by a large population, geographically distributed and dispersed, but with its own script and literature. (Urdu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 343<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article deals with the official language of the Indian Union. It declares Hindi in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Union, with the provision that English shall continue to be used for official purposes for 15 years from the commencement of the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notwithstanding anything in clause ( I ), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use ofthe Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3. Notwithstanding anything in this article, Parliament may by law provide for the use, after the said period of fifteen years, of 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(a)-the English language,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) or the Devanagari form of numerals, for such purposes as may be specified in the law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 344<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article provides for the constitution of a Commission by the President to make recommendations regarding the progressive use of the Hindi language and the restrictions on the use of the English language for official purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 344(1) provides for the constitution of a Commission by the President on expiration of five years from the commencement of the Constitution and thereafter at the expiration of ten years from such commencement, which shall consist of a Chairman and such other members representing the different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule to make recommendations to the President for the progressive use of Hindi for official purposes of the Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 345<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It deals with the recognition of the official language or languages of states. States in India are allowed to have their own official languages for communication within the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The legislature of a State may by law adopt any one or more&nbsp; of the languages in use in the State or Hindi as the Language or Languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes&nbsp; of that State: Provided that, until the Legislature of the State otherwise provides by law, the English language shall continue&nbsp; to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of this Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 346<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article empowers the state legislatures to adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the state or Hindi as the official language(s) of that state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The language for the time being authorised for use in the Union for official purposes shall be the official language for communication between one State and another State and between a State and the Union : Provided that if two or more States agree that the Hindi language should be the official language for communication between such States, that language may be used for such communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 347<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article allows the Governor of a state to recognize the use of any language spoken by a section of the population of that state for any official purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On a demand being made in that behalf the President may, if he is satisfied that a substantial proportion of the population of a State desire the use of any language spoken by them to be recognised by that state, direct that such language shall also be officially recognised throughout that State or any part thereof for such purpose as he may specify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 350<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article provides for the directive to the state to provide facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every person shall be entitled to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 350 A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for&nbsp; instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups; and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 350 B<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Special Officer for linguistic minorities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>There shall be a Special Officer for linguistic minorities to be appointed by the President.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It shall be the duty of the Special officer to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under this Constitution and report to the President upon those matters at such intervals as the President may direct, and the president shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the Government of the States concerned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARTICLE 351<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article directs the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language and to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MY VIEWS ON MY SATISFACTION WITH PRESENT STATUS OF LANGUAGE POLICY IN INDIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The present status of India&#8217;s language policy, as outlined in the National Education Policy of 1968, is a complex and multifaceted landscape that reflects the country&#8217;s rich linguistic diversity. The language policy encompasses decisions and principles regarding language usage in various domains, including education, administration, media, and more. This policy is critical for shaping linguistic behaviors, cultural forms, and attitudes towards languages in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s linguistic diversity is evident through its classification into four major language families: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austroasiatic. Each family encompasses several languages, contributing to the unique tapestry of India&#8217;s cultural and linguistic heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution plays a pivotal role in the language policy, recognizing 22 languages as scheduled languages. These languages are entitled to representation in the official languages of the Republic of India. Amendments to the list can be made by Parliament, and the criteria for inclusion include literary traditions, large speaker populations, political concessions, official language status in newly formed states, classical language status, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Three-Language Formula, introduced in the National Education Policy of 1968, aims to promote multilingualism among Indian students. It encourages proficiency in three languages: the mother tongue or regional language, Hindi as a link language, and English. This formula recognizes the importance of preserving and fostering education in one&#8217;s native language, promoting Hindi for national integration, and ensuring proficiency in English for global communication and access to knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the language policy reflects India&#8217;s commitment to linguistic diversity, it is subject to diverse opinions and experiences. Some may appreciate the efforts to balance regional, national, and international languages, while others might have concerns about the uniform implementation across states or the emphasis on specific languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, the language policy in India is a dynamic and evolving aspect of the nation&#8217;s identity. It acknowledges and attempts to manage the linguistic diversity inherent in the country while aiming to provide an inclusive and effective framework for education and communication. Public discourse and ongoing evaluations can contribute to refining and improving the language policy to address the needs and aspirations of India&#8217;s diverse population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<p><strong>QUESTION: What is the present status of language policy in India?<\/strong> (<strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PRESENT STATUS OF LANGUAGE POLICY IN INDIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Most languages in India belong to one of the four language families:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Indo-Aryan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dravidian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tibeto-Burmese and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Austro Asiatic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indo-Aryan Language Family<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of languages spoken in North and Central India belong to the Indo-Aryan language family. Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, and several other languages fall under this category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indo-Aryan languages are predominant in the northern, western, and central regions of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Key Languages under Indo-Aryan languages are:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hindi:<\/strong> Official language of the Indian government and widely spoken in Northern and Central India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bengali:<\/strong> Predominant language in West Bengal and Bangladesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Punjabi:<\/strong> Mainly spoken in Punjab.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gujarati:<\/strong> Commonly spoken in Gujarat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marathi:<\/strong> Primary language of the state of Maharashtra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dravidian Language Family<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dravidian languages are mainly spoken in South India and some parts of Central India. They have a distinct linguistic structure compared to the Indo-Aryan languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dravidian languages are primarily found in the southern states of India, including Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Key Languages under Dravidian Language family are:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tamil:<\/strong> Official language of Tamil Nadu and spoken in Sri Lanka and parts of Southeast Asia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Telugu:<\/strong> Main language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kannada:<\/strong> Predominantly spoken in Karnataka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Malayalam:<\/strong> Primary language of Kerala.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tibeto-Burman Language Family<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tibeto-Burman languages are spoken in the northeastern states of India, particularly in the Himalayan region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These languages are mainly found in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and parts of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Key Languages under this family are:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bodo:<\/strong> Spoken in Assam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Manipuri:<\/strong> Main language of Manipur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Garo:<\/strong> Spoken by the Garo people in Meghalaya.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Austroasiatic Language Family<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Austroasiatic languages are spoken by certain tribal communities in Central and Eastern India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These languages are found in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and parts of Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Key Languages of this family are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Khasi:<\/strong> Spoken by the Khasi people in Meghalaya.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Santali:<\/strong> Widely spoken in Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the 2001 Indian Census, there are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues. However, these figures cannot be accepted as final as the Census does not report languages spoken by fewer than 10,000 speakers (for instance, in 1961 around 1652 mother tongues were returned in the Census but only 193 languages were classified). So, India&#8217;s linguistic, cultural, ethnic and religious diversity is very strong and wide spread.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EIGHTH SCHEDULE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION- PART OF LANGUAGE POLICY OF INDIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution lists 22 languages that are recognized as scheduled languages. These languages are entitled to representation in the official languages of the Republic of India. The list can be amended by Parliament by law. The names of 22 languages are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Assamese<\/td><td>Oriya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bengali<\/td><td>Punjabi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gujarati<\/td><td>Sanskriti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindi<\/td><td>Sindhi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kannada<\/td><td>Tamil<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kashmiri<\/td><td>Telugu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Konkani<\/td><td>Urdu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malayalam<\/td><td>Bodo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Manipuri<\/td><td>Santhali<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marathi<\/td><td>Maithili<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nepali<\/td><td>Dogri<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1949:<\/strong> Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Oriya, Sanskriti, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1967:<\/strong> Sindhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 1992:<\/strong> Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Languages added in 2004:<\/strong> Bodo, Dogri, Maithali, Santhali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are three views regarding the Eighth Schedule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Some view it as the end- the ultimate goal (like by language activists)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some view the Schedule as a port that lies in the mid-course- as a milestone for direction or as an instrument of change.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some view the Schedule as a beginning- a preamble with expected political overtones and an policy of language engineering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Criterion for inclusion of language in Eighth Schedule<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Criteria for the inclusion of languages in the Eighth Schedule can be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Literary traditions and scripts of their own.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spoken by the largest number of people in large contiguous geographical zones as dominant languages of certain regions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Political concessions. (Sindhi, Nepali)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being recognized as official languages in newly formed states. (Konkani, Manipuri)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being a classical language of culture and heritage and also a resource language in modernizing the major literary languages. (Sanskrit)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Being spoken by a large population, geographically distributed and dispersed, but with its own script and literature. (Urdu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>THREE LANGUAGE FORMULA INTRODUCED IN NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY OF 1968<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Three-Language Formula was introduced in the National Education Policy of 1968 in India. This formula was devised to address the linguistic diversity in the country and promote multilingualism among Indian students. The objective was to encourage students to become proficient in three languages: the mother tongue or regional language, Hindi (as a link language), and English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e6c9d2\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e6c9d2;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"568\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-171.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"has-transparency wp-image-8912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-171.png 568w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-171-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mother Tongue or Regional Language<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first language in the formula is the mother tongue or the regional language of the student. The idea was to ensure that students receive education in their native language, allowing for a better understanding of concepts and fostering a strong foundation in the mother tongue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hindi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hindi, one of the official languages of India, was included as the second language in the formula. The policy aimed to promote Hindi as a link language to facilitate communication and understanding between people from different linguistic backgrounds within the country. However, it&#8217;s important to note that the formula didn&#8217;t enforce Hindi as a compulsory second language in states where Hindi was not the mother tongue or a commonly spoken language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>English<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>English was included as the third language in the formula. The intention was to equip students with proficiency in English, considering its international significance and its role in higher education and professional domains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Three-Language Formula aimed to strike a balance between promoting regional languages, fostering national integration through Hindi, and ensuring access to the global knowledge economy through English. It acknowledged the linguistic diversity of India and recognized the importance of multilingualism for the country&#8217;s socio-cultural and economic development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Also study<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also study<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also study<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also study<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/dimensions-of-multicultural-education-b-ed-notes\/\">Dimensions of multicultural education<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/benefits-of-multiculturalism-education-b-ed-notes\/\">Benefits of multiculturalism education<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/challenges-for-multicultural-learning-environment-b-ed-notes\/\">Challenges for multicultural learning environment<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/strategies-and-activities-for-multicultural-learning-environment\/\">Strategies and activities for multicultural learning environment<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/second-language-english-in-ncf-2005-b-ed-notes\/\">Second language learning as per NCF 2005<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/language-skills-development-b-ed-notes-for-exams\/\"><strong>Language skills development<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/role-of-mother-tongue-as-per-ncf-2005-b-ed\/\">Role of mother tongue as per NCF 2005<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/multiculturalism-for-developing-mother-tongue\/\">Multiculturalism for developing Mother Tongue in accordance with NCF 2005<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/multiculturalism-for-developing-second-language\/\">Multiculturalism for developing second language in accordance with NCF 2005<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/aims-and-objectives-of-teaching-mother-tongue\/\">Aims and objectives of teaching mother tongue<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/importance-of-mother-tongue-in-education\/\">Importance of mother tongue in Education<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/role-of-home-language-in-classroom-instructions\/\"><strong>Role of home language in classroom instructions<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/b-ed-notes-of-multiculturalism-in-classroom\/\">B. Ed notes for multiculturalism in classroom<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/constitutional-provisions-regarding-languages-in-india\/\">Constitutional Provisions regarding languages in India<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/present-status-of-language-policy-in-india\/\">Present status of Language policy in India<\/a><\/td><td><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"e5e500\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #e5e500;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"93\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-172-1024x93.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-8916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-172-1024x93.png 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-172-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-172-768x70.png 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-172.png 1162w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dfdf00\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfdf00;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-173-1024x90.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-8917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-173-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-173-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-173-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-173.png 1159w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dbdb00\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dbdb00;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"106\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-174-1024x106.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-8918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-174-1024x106.png 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-174-300x31.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-174-768x79.png 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-174.png 1153w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"dddd00\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dddd00;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"65\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-175-1024x65.png\" alt=\"B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA\" class=\"not-transparent wp-image-8919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-175-1024x65.png 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-175-300x19.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-175-768x49.png 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-175.png 1042w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA QUESTION: Discuss various constitutional provisions regarding languages in Indian Constitution. (B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA) OR QUESTION: Define Language. Discuss various constitutional provisions related to language in Indian Constitution. (B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA) OR QUESTION: Discuss constitutional provisions related to language in India&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/b-ed-notes-on-languages-in-india\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;B. ED NOTES ON LANGUAGES IN INDIA- PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS SOLVED&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[848],"tags":[903],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8909"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8923,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8909\/revisions\/8923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}