{"id":6159,"date":"2022-11-09T14:04:48","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T14:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=6159"},"modified":"2022-11-09T14:04:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T14:04:48","slug":"stock-exchange-notes-for-bcom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/stock-exchange-notes-for-bcom\/","title":{"rendered":"STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES &#8211; BEST FOR EXAMS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stock Exchange Notes: National Stock Exchange of India, OTCEI, Bombay Stock Exchange etc. Role and objectives of stock exchanges and how OTCEI is different from other stock exchanges.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">QUESTION: Discuss in detail the origin, growth and weaknesses of stock exchange in India?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ANSWER: STOCK EXCHANGE: <\/strong>Stock exchanges are the organized and regulated markets for various securities issued by corporate sector and other institutions. The stock exchanges enable free purchase and sale of securities as commodity exchange and allow the trading in the commodities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cStock exchange means any body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying, selling in securities\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ORIGIN\/GROWTH OF STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National stock exchange of India was set up the Government of India on the recommendation of the Pherwani Committee in 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since then there has been lots of changes in the stock exchanges are witnessed. Actually, the stock exchange in India originated in 1800 and have developed since then in the different stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-19.png\" alt=\"STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES\" class=\"wp-image-6160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-19.png 920w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-19-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-19-768x154.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>1840-1865: <\/strong>In the initial stages, the East India company floated shares through a very small group of the brokers. Between the years 1840-1850 there were only half a dozen brokers but in, 1850 the number rose to about 60 brokers. In 1860, the entire market was attracted with the concept of shares which lasted till 1865.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1866-1890: <\/strong>This period also saw a drastic change in the history of stocks and led to the foundation of regular market for securities. The Bombay market becomes the leading and most organized stock exchange in India. A number of code of conduct were developed by the brokers during this period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1901-1935: <\/strong>The share investment grew during this period because of development in the political field. The Industrial enterprises grew after the Swadeshi Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. Also Calcutta became a major trading centre. New ventures were ploated and in 1920 another stock exchange was established in Madras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1935-1965:<\/strong> The industrial development planning was done during this period and two more stock exchanges, one at Hyderabad and another at Delhi was established.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1965-1990: <\/strong>With the advent of industrialization, 12 more stock exchanges were set up.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1990-till present: <\/strong>To regular the ever increasing stock markets in India and to protect in investor\u2019s interest, the government of India has set up securities and exchange board of India, under the SEBI Act, 1992. The National stock exchange of India was also incorporated in November 1992 with an equity capital of 25 crore. NSE has started functioning in stock market from the year ending 1994.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>WEAKNESSES OF STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"915\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-20.png\" alt=\"STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES\" class=\"wp-image-6161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-20.png 915w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-20-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/image-20-768x428.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>LACK OF PROFESSIONALISM: <\/strong>The majority of stock brokers lack professionalism.&nbsp; They lack proper education, business skills, infrastructural facilities etc. which inhibits them to provide proper service to clients. They are not to guide and counsel their clients in the manner expected of them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DOMINATION OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: <\/strong>Indian stock markets are dominated by a few financial institutions. The UTI, LIC, GIC are the main players in Indian stock markets. The buying and selling of these institutions set the tone in the market. The market goes bullish if financial institutions start buying shares. On the other hand, it becomes bearing on the selling of the securities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POOR LIQUIDITY: <\/strong>Indian stock exchanges suffer from poor liquidity. A small numbers of scrips are regularly traded in stock exchange. A recent survey into frequency of trading showed that shares of 207 companies were traded once a week, shares of 396 companies were traded once in a fortnight, shares of 954 companies were traded once a month and shares of 959 companies were traded once in a year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These statistics shows the poor liquidity of most of the shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DOMINATION OF BIG OPERATORS: <\/strong>Some big operators influence the settlement of stock exchanges in India. In Bombay stock exchange 3-4 operators used to call the shots. The case of Harshad Mehta is well known in India. He created bullish conditions in Indian stock exchanges in the first quarter of 1992 and BSE sensex nearly downed in every short period. The artificial increases in prices of shares adversely affected the investing public and people suffered huge losses. It is the weakness of Stock exchanges working that some operators can create this sentiment as per their liking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LESS FLOATING STOCKS: <\/strong>There is a scarcity of floating stock in the Indian stock exchanges. The shares and debentures offered for sale are a small portion of total stocks. The financial institutions and joint stock companies which control over 75% of the scrips do not offer them for sale. The UTI, GIC, LIC etc. indulge more in purchasing than in selling. It creates scarcity of stocks for trading. The markets tends to be violative and amendable or adaptable to manipulations in absence of adequate floating stocks for trading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SPECULATIVE TRADING:<\/strong> The trading in stock exchanges in mainly speculative in nature. The operators try to derive benefit out of short-term price fluctuations. At Bombay stock exchange upto 5% and at other exchanges upto 10% transactions are genuine investment goals. The brokers try to create a sentiment in the market which will be beneficial to them. The genuine investors try to keep away from such markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">QUESTION: Discuss in detail the role and composition of NSEI and OTCEI?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ANSWER: NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COMPOSITION: <\/strong>National stock exchange was incorporated in November 1992 with an equity capital of 25 crores. It is a professionally managed national market for shares. PSU bonds, debentures and government securities with all necessary infrastructure and trading facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NSE is an electronic screen based system where members have equal access and equal opportunity of trade irrespective of their location in different parts of country as they are connected through a satellite network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ROLE: <\/strong>National stock exchange of India is one of the most superior stock markets in India. It is the third biggest stock exchange in the world. It was set up with the following objectives:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Establishing a nationwide trading facility for all types of securities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring equals access to investors all over the country through an appropriate communication network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing a fair, efficient and transport securities using an electronic trading system and establishing a countrywide trading facility for all types of securities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring equivalent entrance to investors all over the country through a suitable communication network to establish nationwide trading competence for equities and debt instruments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing for a reasonable, competent and translucent securities market using an electronic trading system and ensure the same right of entry to investors all over the country through an appropriate statement network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enabling shorter settlement cycles to ensure fairness, efficiency and transparency of securities trading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meeting up with global benchmarks and standards of securities market to the international level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NSE was established in order to offer a nationwide trading facility for equities, debts and hybrids. Thus, it intends to facilitate equal access to investors across the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To meet the objectives, the NSE is playing following role:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Providing completely computerized screen based trading system consisting of extensive debt market, capital market and derivatives market. When a trade is carried out, the trade verification slip is printed at the trading member\u2019s workstation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trading is done on the computer with the help of PC terminals in broker\u2019s offices. NSE brokers connects themselves to the computerized quotation structure. Brokers are allowed to buy and sell electronically.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transparent dealings are ensured as trading members place an order with the NSE stating the circumstances in terms of price, time on size. On the placement of the order, an order verification slip is prepared.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meeting the present worldwide standards of securities markets. Members should deliver securities and cash on the 13th and 14th day of trading correspondingly. 15th day of trading is the payout day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advantage of computerized trading system is that the investor is able to find the best price for his scrips. Thus, the trading member can do business proficiently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OVER THE COUNTER EXCHANGE OF INDIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COMPOSITION: <\/strong>OTCEI was established in October 1990 with an objective to provide an alternate market for the securities of smaller companies. Government of India has conferred it the status of a recognized stock exchange. This exchange has been jointly promoted by UTI, ICICI, IDBI, SBI, IFCI, GIC and Canbank financial services ltd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The features of OTCEI are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>It is a ringless and electronic national stock exchange. It is a stock exchange without a specified trading floor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It carters to the needs of the small business which have so far not met the requirements for listing on the stock exchange.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This exchange has nation-wide reach. Market is spread across the country through numerous countries of the operators of the exchange.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Small and medium sized companies with a paid up capital between 30 lakhs and 25 crores can be enlisted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OTCEI deals in equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, warrants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trading is by way of negotiated bidding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ROLE: <\/strong>The role of OCTEI is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>There is transparency in transactions. The binds for purchase and sale are accepted\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 on the screen of the computer, so the clients can see it themselves. In other exchanges, the deals are done in a ring where clients cannot go.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The liquidity is ensured and a transaction in normally completed in 7 days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A proper scrutiny is done of scrips by the sponsors so the securities traded will be good.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A company needing immediate funds can pledge its equity with the sponsor and thereby reduce interest cost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A company at one gets nationwide listing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Small and growth oriented companies would be able to grow faster as they would raise required capital through OTCEI market at a low cost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The companies listed on OTCEI are subjected to low income tax.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">QUESTION: Describe some of the major stock exchanges in India. How is OTCEI different from other stock exchange?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ANSWER: : NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COMPOSITION: <\/strong>National stock exchange was incorporated in November 1992 with an equity capital of 25 crores. It is a professionally managed national market for shares. PSU bonds, debentures and government securities with all necessary infrastructure and trading facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NSE is an electronic screen based system where members have equal access and equal opportunity of trade irrespective of their location in different parts of country as they are connected through a satellite network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ROLE<\/strong>: National stock exchange of India is one of the most superior stock markets in India. It is the third biggest stock exchange in the world. It was set up with the following objectives:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Establishing a nationwide trading facility for all types of securities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring equals access to investors all over the country through an appropriate communication network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing a fair, efficient and transport securities using an electronic trading system and establishing a countrywide trading facility for all types of securities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring equivalent entrance to investors all over the country through a suitable communication network to establish nationwide trading competence for equities and debt instruments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing for a reasonable, competent and translucent securities market using an electronic trading system and ensure the same right of entry to investors all over the country through an appropriate statement network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enabling shorter settlement cycles to ensure fairness, efficiency and transparency of securities trading.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meeting up with global benchmarks and standards of securities market to the international level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NSE was established in order to offer a nationwide trading facility for equities, debts and hybrids. Thus, it intends to facilitate equal access to investors across the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To meet the objectives, the NSE is playing following role:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Providing completely computerized screen based trading system consisting of extensive debt market, capital market and derivatives market. When a trade is carried out, the trade verification slip is printed at the trading member\u2019s workstation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trading is done on the computer with the help of PC terminals in broker\u2019s offices. NSE brokers connects themselves to the computerized quotation structure. Brokers are allowed to buy and sell electronically.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transparent dealings are ensured as trading members place an order with the NSE stating the circumstances in terms of price, time on size. On the placement of the order, an order verification slip is prepared.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meeting the present worldwide standards of securities markets. Members should deliver securities and cash on the 13th and 14th day of trading correspondingly. 15th day of trading is the payout day.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advantage of computerized trading system is that the investor is able to find the best price for his scrips. Thus, the trading member can do business proficiently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OVER THE COUNTER EXCHANGE OF INDIA<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>COMPOSITION<\/strong>: OTCEI was established in October 1990 with an objective to provide an alternate market for the securities of smaller companies. Government of India has conferred it the status of a recognized stock exchange. This exchange has been jointly promoted by UTI, ICICI, IDBI, SBI, IFCI, GIC and Canbank financial services ltd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The features of OTCEI are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) It is a ringless and electronic national stock exchange. It is a stock exchange without a specified trading floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2) It carters to the needs of the small business which have so far not met the requirements for listing on the stock exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3)&nbsp; This exchange has nation-wide reach. Market is spread across the country through numerous countries of the operators of the exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4) Small and medium sized companies with a paid up capital between 30 lakhs and 25 crores can be enlisted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5) OTCEI deals in equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, warrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6) Trading is by way of negotiated bidding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>ROLE<\/strong>: The role of OCTEI is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) There is transparency in transactions. The binds for purchase and sale are accepted&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on the screen of the computer, so the clients can see it themselves. In other exchanges, the deals are done in a ring where clients cannot go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2) The liquidity is ensured and a transaction in normally completed in 7 days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3) A proper scrutiny is done of scrips by the sponsors so the securities traded will be good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4)&nbsp; A company needing immediate funds can pledge its equity with the sponsor and thereby reduce interest cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5)&nbsp; A company at one gets nationwide listing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6)&nbsp; Small and growth oriented companies would be able to grow faster as they would raise required capital through OTCEI market at a low cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7)&nbsp; The companies listed on OTCEI are subjected to low income tax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE:&nbsp; <\/strong>BSE was established in 1875 as a voluntary non-profit making association at Mumbai. It is Asia\u2019s oldest stock exchange and is a major stock exchange and is a major stock exchange in India. The exchange has mechanism to redress grievances of investors as well as members. It provides information inputs to the investing public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A governing board comprising of a elected directors an executive director, three government nominees, a RBI nominee and 5 public nominees regulate the working of the exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, as per the SEBI orders issued in March 2001, the elected directors have been restrained from acting and governing board presently comprises of only 10 directors. The executive directors acts as the chief executive officer and is responsible for the day to day administration of the exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CALCUTTA STOCK EXCHANGE: <\/strong>Calcutta stock exchange was started in 1830 under a \u2018Neem tree\u2019. Today it has emerged as a second largest house in India. In may 1908, the group formed an association and named it as China bazar street.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The association was registered as a limited liability concern on June7, 1923 with an authorized capital of 3 lakh duly divided into 300 crores of 1000 each. The shares were further divided into 4 shares of 250 in year 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CSE was incorporated in year 1980 with 150 members. At present the membership has crossed 900 with corporate and institutional members. More than 3500 companies have been listed on the exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GUWAHATI STOCK EXCHANGE: <\/strong>Guwahati stock exchange was incorporated on 29<sup>th<\/sup> November 1983 and it was recognized by the government of India on 1<sup>st<\/sup> may 1984. GSE is limited by guarantee by the members brokers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2000, the exchange had total of 206 brokers, out of which 5 were corporate brokers, 200 propreitor broker and 1 partnership broker and there were only 4 sub-brokers registered. At present, there are 290 companies listed in GSE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DIFFERENCE OF OCTEI FROM OTHER STOCK EXCHANGES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OTCEI is different from other stock exchanges in following respects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>TRADING ACTIVITIES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>In OTCEI, the trading is done through network or computer system while trading is done. On floor in conventional stock exchange.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MINIMUM PAID UP CAPITAL:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Minimum paid up capital is 5 crores in other stock exchanges while in OTCEI it is 2 crores only.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MEMBERSHIP RESRICTIONS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Membership is restricted to region or location in a regular stock exchange, whereas the membership in OTCEI is spread throughout the country.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SECURITIES TRADED:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>In a conventional stock exchange securities belonging to that region and other permitted securities are traded. But in OTCEI, securities of all companies throughout India are traded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NEED FOR MARKET MAKER:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Need for a market maker depends upon the exchange in a regular stock exchange. But market maker is a must for securities of each company in OTCEI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SETTLEMENT DAYS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Settlement of transactions are done on the basis of T+5 days in regular stock exchange. But in OTCEI, settlements are done as per its rules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/depositories-act-1996-notes-for-bcom\/\">Depositories act 1996<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functionaries-of-stock-exchange-pdf\/\">Functionaries of stock exchange<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/money-market-notes-for-bcom\/\">Money Market<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/primary-market-notes-for-bcom\/\">PRIMARY MARKET<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/secondary-market-notes-pdf\/\">SECONDARY MARKET<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/listing-of-securities-in-stock-exchange\/\">LISTING OF SECURITIES IN STOCK EXCHANGE<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/60ed5c7534cea3fac97538da_Stock-Exchange-1024x341.jpg\" alt=\"Stock exchange notes\" class=\"wp-image-6163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/60ed5c7534cea3fac97538da_Stock-Exchange-1024x341.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/60ed5c7534cea3fac97538da_Stock-Exchange-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/60ed5c7534cea3fac97538da_Stock-Exchange-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/60ed5c7534cea3fac97538da_Stock-Exchange.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">stock exchange notes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stock Exchange Notes: National Stock Exchange of India, OTCEI, Bombay Stock Exchange etc. Role and objectives of stock exchanges and how OTCEI is different from other stock exchanges. QUESTION: Discuss in detail the origin, growth and weaknesses of stock exchange in India? ANSWER: STOCK EXCHANGE: Stock exchanges are the organized and regulated markets for various&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/stock-exchange-notes-for-bcom\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;STOCK EXCHANGE NOTES &#8211; BEST FOR EXAMS&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[253],"tags":[431,432,433,434,435,436,437],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6159\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}