{"id":3940,"date":"2020-03-13T15:19:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T15:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=3940"},"modified":"2020-03-13T15:19:00","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T15:19:00","slug":"coercion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/","title":{"rendered":"COERCION"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/#COERCION\" title=\"COERCION\">COERCION<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/#IMPLICATIONS_OF_COERCION\" title=\"IMPLICATIONS OF COERCION\">IMPLICATIONS OF COERCION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/#EFFECT\" title=\"EFFECT\">EFFECT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/#BURDEN_OF_PROOF\" title=\"BURDEN OF PROOF \">BURDEN OF PROOF <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"coercion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COERCION\"><\/span><strong>COERCION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coercion means using force to compel a person to enter into a contract. So force or threats are used to obtain the consent of the party under coercion, i.e it is not free consent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ACCORDING TO SECTION 15 OF <a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/indian-contract-act-1872\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872 (opens in a new tab)\">INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCoercion is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by the law in\nthe&nbsp;IPC<\/li><li>unlawfully detaining or threatening to detain any property with the\nintention of causing any person to enter into a contract.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Case study: Ranganayaamma vs. Alwar Setty<\/strong><\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\ngirl aged 13 lost her husband and she was forced to adopt a boy by her in laws.\nThey denied the dead body from being removed for cremation until her she agrees\nto adopt a boy. The adoption of the boy was kept aside by the court as the\nconsent for the same was obtained by way of Coercion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EXAMPLE: A threatens to hurt B if he does not sell his\nhouse to A for 5 lakh rupees. Here even if B sells the house to A, it will not\nbe a valid contract since B\u2019s consent was obtained by coercion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"implications-of-coercion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IMPLICATIONS_OF_COERCION\"><\/span><strong>IMPLICATIONS OF COERCION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Committing any act forbidden by the Indian\nPenal Code <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When\nthe consent of a person is obtained by committing any act which is forbidden by\nthe Indian Penal Code, the consent is said to be obtained by coercion. Committing\na murder, kidnapping, causing hurt, rape, defamation, theft etc. are some of\nthe examples of the acts forbidden by the Indian Penal Code. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For\nexample, A beats B and compels him to sell his scooter for Rs. 2,000. In this\ncase the consent of B is induced by coercion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Threatening to commit any act forbidden by\nthe Indian Penal Code <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From\nthe definition it is observed that not only the committing of an act forbidden\nby the Indian Penal Code amounts to coercion but even a threat to commit such\nact amounts to coercion. Thus, a threat to shoot, to murder, to kidnap or to\ncause bodily injury will amount to coercion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For\nexample, A threatens to shoot B, if he does not sell his ship to A for Rs.\n1,00,Q00. B agrees to sell his ship to A. Here the consent of I3 has been\nobtained by coercion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Unlawful detaining of any property <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If\na person unlawfully detains the property of another person and compels him to\nenter into a contract with him, the consent is said to be induced by coercion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>CASE: MUTHIA VS KARUIPPAN <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An\nagent refused to hand over the account books of the principal to the new agent\nappointed in his place unless the principal released him from all the\nliabilities. The principal had to give a release deed as demanded. It was held\nthat the release was not binding because the consent of the principal was\nobtained by exercising coercion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intention of causing any person to enter into\nan agreement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nact of coercion must have been done with the object of inducing or compelling\nany person to enter into a contract. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For\nexample, A threatens to kill B&#8217;s son C if B refuses to sell his car to him.\nHere, the threat is directed against C (B&#8217;s son). So, the consent is treated as\ninduced by coercion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly,\nit is not necessary that the threat should come from a party to the contract,\nit may come from a stranger. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For\nexample: A threatens to kill B if he does not sell his house to D. B agrees to\nsell his house to D. Though A is a Stranger to the contract the consent is\ncaused by coercion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\nis important, therefore, is that a forbidden act was involved to obtain the\nconsent of the other party. Whether it comes from the party or a stranger to\nthe contract, is immaterial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"effect\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"EFFECT\"><\/span><strong>EFFECT<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When the agreement made is found to be made out of\ncoercion, then the contract would be rescinded or cancelled, due to which both\nparties are released from their obligation to perform their duties as per the\ncontract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"burden-of-proof\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BURDEN_OF_PROOF\"><\/span><strong>BURDEN OF PROOF <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The burden of proving that consent was induced by coercion lies on the party who wants to avoid the contract. In other words, it is for the aggrieved party to prove that his consent was not free. This could be done by proving that he would not have entered into this contract had coercion not been employed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JOIN THE CHANNEL ON TELEGRAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/commerceiets\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/t.me\/commerceiets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COERCION Coercion means using force to compel a person to enter into a contract. So force or threats are used to obtain the consent of the party under coercion, i.e it is not free consent. ACCORDING TO SECTION 15 OF INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872 \u201cCoercion is committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;COERCION&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3940"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3940\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}