{"id":3649,"date":"2020-02-27T13:13:30","date_gmt":"2020-02-27T13:13:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=3649"},"modified":"2020-02-27T13:13:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T13:13:30","slug":"models-of-operations-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/","title":{"rendered":"MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH &#8211; Notes for B.com\/ BBA students"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/#MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\" title=\"MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH\">MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/#VARIOUS_MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\" title=\"VARIOUS MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH\">VARIOUS MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/#DIFFERENCE_BETWEEN_ANALYTICAL_AND_SIMULATION_MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\" title=\"DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALYTICAL AND SIMULATION MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH\">DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALYTICAL AND SIMULATION MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/#DIFFERENCE_BETWEEN_SYMBOLIC_AND_ANALOG_MODEL\" title=\"DIFFERENCE\nBETWEEN SYMBOLIC AND ANALOG MODEL\">DIFFERENCE\nBETWEEN SYMBOLIC AND ANALOG MODEL<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"models-of-operations-research\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\"><\/span><strong>MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/models.jpg\" alt=\"MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH\" class=\"wp-image-3650\"\/><figcaption>MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Most operations research studies involve the construction of a mathematical model. The models of Operations research is a collection of logical and mathematical relationships that represents aspects of the situation under study. Models describe important relationships between variables; include an objective function with which alternative solutions are evaluated, and constraints that restrict solutions to feasible values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A model is\nalways an abstraction that is of necessarily simpler than the real situation.\nElements that are irrelevant or unimportant to the problem are to be ignored;\nhopefully leaving sufficient detail so that the solution obtained with the\nmodel has value with regard to the original problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Models must\nbe both tractable, capable of being solved, and valid, representative of the\noriginal situation. These dual goals are often contradictory and are not always\nattainable. It is generally true that the most powerful solution methods can be\napplied to the simplest, or most abstract, model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"various-models-of-operations-research\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VARIOUS_MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\"><\/span>VARIOUS MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following are the various models of <a aria-label=\"Operations Research (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/operations-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Operations Research<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.<strong>ANALYTICAL MODELS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An&nbsp;analytical\nmodel&nbsp;is quantitative in nature, and used to answer a specific\nquestion or make a specific design decision. Different analytical models are\nused to address different aspects of the system, such as its performance,\nreliability, or mass properties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Analytical models must be expressed with sufficient\nprecision that they can be formally analyzed, which is typically by a computer.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Analytical models can be further classified as: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Static Analytical Model<\/li><li>Dynamic Analytical Model<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;<strong>static model<\/strong>&nbsp;represents the properties\nof a system that are independent of time, or true for any point in time. The\nproperties being analyzed may have deterministic values, or may include\nprobability distributions on their values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;<strong>dynamic model<\/strong>&nbsp;is an analytical model\nthat represents the time-varying state of the system, such as its acceleration,\nvelocity, and position as a function of time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The selection of a dynamic model&nbsp;versus a static\nmodel depends on the type of question that is being answered. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. SIMULATION MODELS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simulation models&nbsp;aim to replicate the workings and\nlogic of a real system by using statistical descriptions of the activities\ninvolved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\nsimulation model has <strong>\u2018entities\u2019<\/strong>\n(e.g. machines, materials, people, etc.) and <strong>\u2018activities\u2019<\/strong> (e.g. processing, transporting, etc.). It also has a\ndescription of the logic governing each activity. For example, a processing\nactivity can only start when a certain quantity of working material is\navailable, a person to run the machine and an empty conveyor to take away the\nproduct. Once an activity has started, a time to completion is calculated,\noften using a sample from a statistical distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The model is started and continues to run over time, obeying the logical rules that have been set up. Results are then extracted concerning delays, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is\nclear that simulation models can replicate a complex production system. They\ncan be used to indicate the level of shared resources needed by the operation\n(e.g. forklift trucks or operators), the speed of lines, sizes of vessels or\nstorage tanks, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. ANALOG MODELS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Analog models&nbsp;represent the physiological process using elements\nthat are, to some degree, analogous to those in the actual process. Good analog\nmodels can represent the system at a lower level, and in greater detail, than\nsystems models, but not all analog models offer such detail. Analog models\nprovide better representation of secondary&nbsp;features such as energy use, which is\nusually similar between analog elements and the actual components they\nrepresent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>SYMBOLIC MODELS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Symbolic Models also known as Mathematical\nModels are those which employ a set of symbols (i.e. letters numbers etc.) and\nfunctions to represent the decision variables and their relationships to\ndescribe the behavior or the system the symbols used generally mathematical or\nlogical in character. They are by far the most widely employed in an O.R. study\nbecause of the great deal of complexity associated with an organization. A\nsymbolic or mathematical model consists of a set of equations which define and\nspecify the relationship and interactions among various elements of decision\nproblem under study. The solution of the problem is then obtained by applying\nwell-developed mathematical techniques to the model. The features of\nsymbolic models are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It contains a set of representations (or symbols) of something.<\/li><li>It processes and manipulates those representations based on a set of rules      programmed into the model.<\/li><li>The rules operate on the representations according to their &#8216;shape&#8217; or syntax,      not according to what they represent (their semantics).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. ICONIC MODELS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iconic model is also known as Physical Model. Iconic model is a physical representation of some item either in an idealized form or on a different scale i.e. a representation is an iconic model to the extent that its properties are the same as possessed by what it represents. A photograph, cyclograph, a blueprint and a painting are iconic models of persons or objects. The toy aero plane is an iconic model of a real aero plane. Commonly an iconic model represents a static event. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/models.jpg\" alt=\"MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH\" class=\"wp-image-3650\"\/><figcaption>MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"difference-between-analytical-and-simulation-models-of-operations-research\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DIFFERENCE_BETWEEN_ANALYTICAL_AND_SIMULATION_MODELS_OF_OPERATIONS_RESEARCH\"><\/span><strong>DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALYTICAL AND SIMULATION MODELS<\/strong> <strong>OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>BASIS OF DIFFERENCE<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>ANALYTICAL MODELS<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>SIMULATION MODELS<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>MEANING<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  Analytical\n  analysis gives support to the idea theoretically and in mathematical\n  equation.\n  <\/td><td>\n  Simulation\n  analysis shows that the idea is practically implementable or not.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>COMPLEXITY<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models try to include only most important aspects, so comparatively less\n  complex.\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models are very complex and detailed.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>FLEXIBILITY<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  These models\n  are easier to change but small changes may bring big consequences.\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models are hard to change if built once.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>DATA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  These models\n  need less to data to formulate.\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models need more data to formulate.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>COMPUTATIONAL COST<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models incur less cost.\n  <\/td><td>\n  These\n  models incur heavy cost.\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"difference-between-symbolic-and-analog-model\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DIFFERENCE_BETWEEN_SYMBOLIC_AND_ANALOG_MODEL\"><\/span><strong>DIFFERENCE\nBETWEEN SYMBOLIC AND ANALOG MODEL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>BASIS OF DIFFERENCE<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>ANALOG MODEL<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>SYMBOLIC MODEL<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>MEANING<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  Analog\n  model use one set of physical movements to represent another set of physical\n  movements.\n  <\/td><td>\n  It is a\n  mathematical model that represents a problem with the use of symbols.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>PRESENTATION<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  They are\n  presented in form of graphs, tables and curves.\n  <\/td><td>\n  They are\n  presented in form of mathematical equation.\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <strong>NATURE<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  The model\n  is tangible.\n  <\/td><td>\n  The model\n  is intangible.\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Also Study<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also Study<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also Study<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/operations-research\/\">Operations Research<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/linear-programming\/\">Linear Programming<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/assignment\/\">Assignment<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/linear-programming-problem\/\">Linear programming problems<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/linear-programming-applications\/\">Linear programming applications<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/linear-programming-applications\/\">Models of Operations research<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize-1024x266.jpg\" alt=\"Models of Operations Research\" class=\"wp-image-787\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize-1024x266.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize-300x78.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize-768x199.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize-1536x398.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-Presentation-resize.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Models of Operations Research<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Most operations research studies involve the construction of a mathematical model. The models of Operations research is a collection of logical and mathematical relationships that represents aspects of the situation under study. Models describe important relationships between variables; include an objective function with which alternative solutions are evaluated, and constraints that&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/models-of-operations-research\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;MODELS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH &#8211; Notes for B.com\/ BBA students&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[228],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3649"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3649\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}