{"id":2966,"date":"2019-12-13T11:08:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T11:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=2966"},"modified":"2019-12-13T11:08:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-13T11:08:00","slug":"planning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/","title":{"rendered":"PLANNING"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/#MEANING\" title=\"MEANING\">MEANING<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/#Planning_is_an_intellectual_process_of_thinking_resorted_to_decide_a_future_course_of_action_regarding\" title=\"Planning is an intellectual process of thinking resorted to decide a future course of action regarding:\">Planning is an intellectual process of thinking resorted to decide a future course of action regarding:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/#FEATURES_NATURE_CHARACTERISTICS_OF_PLANNING\" title=\"FEATURES\/ NATURE\/ CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING\">FEATURES\/ NATURE\/ CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/#CONCLUSION\" title=\"CONCLUSION\">CONCLUSION<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"meaning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEANING\"><\/span>MEANING<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"planning-is-an-intellectual-process-of-thinking-resorted-to-decide-a-future-course-of-action-regarding\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Planning_is_an_intellectual_process_of_thinking_resorted_to_decide_a_future_course_of_action_regarding\"><\/span>Planning is an intellectual process of thinking resorted to decide a future course of action regarding:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>What to do?<\/li><li>How to do?<\/li><li>Who will do it?<\/li><li>When to do?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It is first and foremost function of the management of <strong>\u2018THINKING BEFORE DOING\u2019<\/strong>. It is a bridge between the present situations and future circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO THEO HAIMANN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is deciding in advance, what is to be done. When a\nmanager plans, he projects a course of action for the future, attempting to\nachieve a consistent, coordinated structure of operations aimed at desired\nresults.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO GEORGE TERRY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is the selecting and relating of facts and the\nmaking and using of assumptions regarding the future in the visualization and\nformulation of proposed activities believed necessary to achieve desired\nresults.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO LOUIS A. ALLEN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cManagement Planning involves the development of forecasts, objectives,\npolicies, programmes, procedure, schedules and budgets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO JAMES L LUNDY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning means the determination of what is to be done, how\nand when it is to be done, who is to do it, when and how the results are to be\nevaluated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO M.S. HURLEY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It\ninvolves the selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programmes from\namong alternatives.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO KOONTZ AND O\u2019DONELL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is the function of a manager, which involves the\nselection from among alternatives for the enterprise as a whole or department\nwithin it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO HAYNES AND MASSIE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is that function of the manager in which he\ndecides in advance what he will do. It is a decision making process of a\nspecial kind. It is an intellectual process in which creative thinking and\nimagination are essential.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO HENRY FAYOL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is deciding the best alternatives among others to\nperform different managerial operations in order to achieve the pre-determined\ngoals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><strong>ACCORDING TO JP BARGER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPlanning is an ability to visualize the future process and\nits results.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, planning is a continuous process of thinking in\nadvance for the future and also involves the formulation of policies,\nprocedures, programmes etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"features-nature-characteristics-of-planning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FEATURES_NATURE_CHARACTERISTICS_OF_PLANNING\"><\/span>FEATURES\/ NATURE\/ CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an integral part of the management. It helps the manager to know about the future prospects and anticipates the probable effect of changes in the business environment on the business concern. The features are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.AN INTELLECTUAL\nPROCESS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an intellectual process. It is a process of mental thinking and brain storming. Manager cannot take the decisions about the future course of action on basis of guess work. He has to use his mind and make a plan for the future by studying and analyzing the pros and cons of every alternative available. A planner or manager thinks about the following aspects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>What is to be done?<\/li><li>How it is to be done?<\/li><li>When it is to be done?<\/li><li>Who will have to do it?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To quote <strong>Marshall\nDimock, <\/strong>\u201cThis is not the work of a theorist locked up in a office and\nhandling out blue prints through a crack in the door. It is planning that makes\nit possible for him effectively to combine knowledge with power in order to\nachieve the objectives of his enterprise.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.PRIMARY FUNCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are various <a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functions-of-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"functions of management (opens in a new tab)\">functions of management<\/a> such as organising, staffing, directing, controlling etc. All these functions cannot be performed if there is no proper planning. This means all other functions of management are followed by the Planning. Like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A manager can build the organizational framework\nonly after making a plan for that.<\/li><li>An employer can hire the personnel for job only\nafter planning about the salary to be paid and services to be availed.<\/li><li>A manager can order the employees to produce the\ngoods only after planning for the targeted sales.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>All this assures that the planning is the primary function of\nthe management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.CONTINUOUS FUNCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning is not one time function. It has to be performed continuously by the manager. It starts as the promoter of the company conceives the idea of starting the business and it continues with the running of the enterprise. Each decision to be implemented requires proper planning. It is a never-ending activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.PERVASIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a function which is followed by every person irrespective of his level of management. Planning at top level will be fundamental, broad, far reaching and basic. Its scope and extent decreases as it goes from top level management to middle level management then to low level of management. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.GOAL ORIENTED<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is goal oriented. It aims at achievement of the targets sets or attainment of the objectives. To quote <strong>GOETZ <\/strong>\u201cManagerial planning seeks to achieve a consistent, coordinated structure of operations focused on desired goals. Without plan actions must become merely a random activity, producing nothing but chaos.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. AIMS AT EFFECIENCY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning is a mental exercise of determining the future course of action. There are various alternatives available in front of the manager to choose. A proper plan aims at choosing that alternative which will efficient to the organization i.e. which will generate minimum costs and maximum benefit to the concern. So planning is done to improve and maximize the efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. DYNAMIC FUNCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A function can be called dynamic if it is able to change or\nmould as per the changing circumstances. Planning can rightly be called as\ndynamic function as there is every possibility to make changes in the plan as\nthe circumstances or situations changed. Planning ensures the consideration of\nnew trends, new products, new fashions and fluctuations in the markets and\nensures the scope of alternation in the plan made according to the changes\nexperienced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. AIMS AT\nCOORDINATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coordination is essential for the smooth working of the organization.\nPlanning coordinates that what, who, how, why, where and when. In the absence\nof the planning different segments of the organization may pursue divergent\nobjectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9.REALISTIC APPROACH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning is based on future forecasts. As the future is always\nuncertain, but the predictions can be made with accuracy to some extent.\nPlanning is not done on wishful basis but it is done on the feasible studies\nand then targets are set. As it is based on hard realities, so it facilitates\nthe achievement of the goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10.A RATIONAL\nAPPROACH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning is a rational approach. An approach is rational if\nit is objectively and intelligently decided. The aim of the management is to\nreach the goals with the application of appropriate resources. The balancing of\nends and means is also in the purview of the planning. It helps to take\nrational decisions for achieving the goals of the enterprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONCLUSION\"><\/span>CONCLUSION<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Planning helps in taking note of the favorable situations and minimizes the devastating effects of unfavorable situations. It does not provide a flat insurance package but it certainly helps in improving managerial and organizational performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management\/\">Management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/objectives-of-management\/\">Objectives of management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functions-of-management\/\">Functions of management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/process-of-management\/\">Process of management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-is-an-art\/\">Management as an art<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/\">Management as a science<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-profession\/\">Management as a profession<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/joint-stock-company\/\">Company<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/incentive-plans\/\">Incentive plans<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/14-principles-of-management-by-henri-fayol\/\">14 principles of management by Henry Fayol<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/principles-of-scientific-management\/\">Principles of scientific management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/scientific-management\/\">Scientific management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/what-is-work-study\/\">Work study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/time-study\/\">Time study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/motion-study\/\">Motion study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/method-study\/\">Method study<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/\">Planning<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/importance-of-planning-in-management\/\">Importance of planning in management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/benefits-of-planning-in-business\/\">Advantages of planning in business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/process-of-planning\/\">Process of planning<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/types-of-planning-in-business\/\">Types of planning in business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/setting-objectives-in-management\/\">Setting objectives in management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/objectives\/\">Objectives<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/smart-test\/\">SMART test<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-by-objectives\/\">Management by objectives<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/policies-in-business\/\">Policies in Business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-and-business-administration\/\">Management and business administration<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functional-areas-of-management\/\">Functional areas of management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/limited-liability-partnership\/\">Limited Liability partnership<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/difference-between-llp-and-company\/\">LLP Vs company<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/difference-between-llp-and-partnership\/\">LLP vs Partnership<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1.jpg\" alt=\"PLANNING\" class=\"wp-image-4836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1.jpg 512w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1-300x89.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>PLANNING\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MEANING Planning is an intellectual process of thinking resorted to decide a future course of action regarding: What to do? How to do? Who will do it? When to do? It is first and foremost function of the management of \u2018THINKING BEFORE DOING\u2019. It is a bridge between the present situations and future circumstances. ACCORDING&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;PLANNING&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[215],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2966"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}