{"id":1935,"date":"2019-07-20T09:58:23","date_gmt":"2019-07-20T09:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=1935"},"modified":"2019-07-20T09:58:23","modified_gmt":"2019-07-20T09:58:23","slug":"management-as-a-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/","title":{"rendered":"MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/#MANAGEMENT_AS_A_SCIENCE\" title=\"MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE\">MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/#Management_as_a_science_possesses_the_features_of_the_science_which_are_as_follows\" title=\"Management as a science possesses the features of the science which are as follows:\">Management as a science possesses the features of the science which are as follows:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/#CONCLUSION\" title=\"CONCLUSION\">CONCLUSION<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"management-as-a-science\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MANAGEMENT_AS_A_SCIENCE\"><\/span>MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Science is a systematic and scientific body of knowledge which has some universally applicable laws. The theories or laws are originated after a continuous observation and experimentation capable of verification. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"management-as-a-science-possesses-the-features-of-the-science-which-are-as-follows\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Management_as_a_science_possesses_the_features_of_the_science_which_are_as_follows\"><\/span>Management as a science possesses the features of the science which are as follows:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">SYSTEMATISED BODY OF KNOWLEDGE:\nManagement is viewed as a science as it has its own methods, techniques and\nlaws. This subject matter is built up by the management practitioners,\nmanagement authors and philosophers by continuous observation. Likewise, FW Taylor\nhas given the principles and techniques of scientific management after applying\nthe scientific methods for observation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">CONTINUOUS OBSERVATION: The principles\nand laws of the science are originated after continuous observation. Similarly,\nthe principles and techniques of management have been developed over a period\nof time. The various disciplines are observed continuously to formulate the\nprinciples of management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">UNIVERSAL APPLICATION: Scientific principles\nare the basic truths that are applicable everywhere in the world at all times.\nIn case of management also, there are some general truths i.e. principles that\nare applied universally but are subject to some modifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ACCORDING TO FW TAYLOR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u201cThe fundamental principles of\nmanagement are applicable to all human activities from our simplest individual\nacts to the working of our great corporations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP:\nScientific principles establish the cause and effect relationship accurately.\nIn case of management it is not so. The cause and effect relationship can be\nestablished but the causes differ from situation to situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">EXAMPLE: The cause of decline in sales\nmay be less productivity, ineffective administration, non-quality products,\nless advertisement. The exact cause may vary from business to business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">So, this feature of science is not\npresent fully in the management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">VALIDITY AND PREDICTABILITY: The laws\nand principles of science are valid and their validity can be checked by going\nthrough various tests and experiments. The principles of management can also be\nput under observation or experimentation but the results may not always be the\nsame. It is so because management deals with human element and the behavior of\nhuman being cannot be predicted with accuracy. Also the principles applied on\ndifferent human beings give different results. So, this feature of science is not\npresent in the management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONCLUSION\"><\/span>CONCLUSION<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Management is not an exact science as Physics, Chemistry and Biology as it suffers from some limitations like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It does not\nconsist of fundamental truths only.<\/li><li>The principles of\nmanagement do not always have a universal application.<\/li><li>Behavior of human\nbeings cannot be predicted.<\/li><li>Management lacks\ncertainty about results. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">That is why management is called as \u2018Soft Science\u2019 or \u2018Behavioral Science.\u2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ALSO STUDY:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management\/\">Management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/objectives-of-management\/\">Objectives of management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functions-of-management\/\">Functions of management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/process-of-management\/\">Process of management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-is-an-art\/\">Management as an art<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/\">Management as a science<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-profession\/\">Management as a profession<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/joint-stock-company\/\">Company<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/incentive-plans\/\">Incentive plans<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/14-principles-of-management-by-henri-fayol\/\">14 principles of management by Henry Fayol<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/principles-of-scientific-management\/\">Principles of scientific management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/scientific-management\/\">Scientific management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/what-is-work-study\/\">Work study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/time-study\/\">Time study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/motion-study\/\">Motion study<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/method-study\/\">Method study<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/planning\/\">Planning<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/importance-of-planning-in-management\/\">Importance of planning in management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/benefits-of-planning-in-business\/\">Advantages of planning in business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/process-of-planning\/\">Process of planning<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/types-of-planning-in-business\/\">Types of planning in business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/setting-objectives-in-management\/\">Setting objectives in management<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/objectives\/\">Objectives<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/smart-test\/\">SMART test<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-by-objectives\/\">Management by objectives<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/policies-in-business\/\">Policies in Business<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-and-business-administration\/\">Management and business administration<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/functional-areas-of-management\/\">Functional areas of management<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/limited-liability-partnership\/\">Limited Liability partnership<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/difference-between-llp-and-company\/\">LLP Vs company<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/difference-between-llp-and-partnership\/\">LLP vs Partnership<\/a><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1.jpg\" alt=\"MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE\" class=\"wp-image-4836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1.jpg 512w, https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cropped-cropped-Presentation-resize-1-300x89.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption>MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE Science is a systematic and scientific body of knowledge which has some universally applicable laws. The theories or laws are originated after a continuous observation and experimentation capable of verification. Management as a science possesses the features of the science which are as follows: SYSTEMATISED BODY OF KNOWLEDGE: Management is viewed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/management-as-a-science\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[70],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1935"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1935\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}