{"id":110,"date":"2019-04-08T07:02:56","date_gmt":"2019-04-08T07:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/?p=110"},"modified":"2019-04-08T07:02:56","modified_gmt":"2019-04-08T07:02:56","slug":"kinds-of-offer-in-business-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/kinds-of-offer-in-business-law\/","title":{"rendered":"KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/images-49.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5301\"\/><figcaption>KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The term <a aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/offer-or-proposal-its-valid-essentials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">offer<\/a> is synonymous to proposal. It is the starting point in any kind of the agreement or contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/kinds-of-offer-in-business-law\/#According_to_Section_28_of_the_Indian_Contract_Act_1872\" title=\"According\nto Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 \">According\nto Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/kinds-of-offer-in-business-law\/#According_to_Section_2c_of_Indian_Contract_Act_1872\" title=\"According\nto Section 2(c) of Indian Contract Act, 1872\">According\nto Section 2(c) of Indian Contract Act, 1872<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/kinds-of-offer-in-business-law\/#KINDS_OF_OFFER_IN_BUSINESS_LAW\" title=\"KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW\">KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"according-to-section-28-of-the-indian-contract-act-1872\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"According_to_Section_28_of_the_Indian_Contract_Act_1872\"><\/span><strong>According\nto Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u201cWhen one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">It implies an offer or a proposal is an expression of will or intention of the parties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"according-to-section-2-c-of-indian-contract-act-1872\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"According_to_Section_2c_of_Indian_Contract_Act_1872\"><\/span><strong>According\nto Section 2(c) of Indian Contract Act, 1872<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u201cThe person who makes\nan offer is known as Proposer or Offeror or Promisor and the person to whom the\nproposal or offer is made is known as of the Proposee, Promisee or Offeree. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">A offers to sell his motorcycle to B for rupees 3,000. B agrees to pay rupees 3000 to A for the motorcycle. Here A is called offeror or promisor and B is the offeree or promisee.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kinds-of-offer-in-business-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KINDS_OF_OFFER_IN_BUSINESS_LAW\"><\/span>KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">There are various kinds of offers or proposal under Indian Contract Act 1872.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"223\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/download-2022-02-08T005604.245.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5302\"\/><figcaption>KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">These are mainly categorised on below mentioned basis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>How Made<\/li><li>To Whom Made<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The brief description of the offers are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-green-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>HOW MADE?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1. EXPRESS OFFFER <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">An offer made through oral or written words is an express offer. The oral offer can be made face to face or via telephone. The written offer can be made via text messages, advertisements, letters or emails. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Amar offers Akbar \u201cWill you buy my car for \u20b91,00,000 by writing a letter. The offer of Amar is an\nExpress offer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>2. IMPLIED OFFER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">An implied offer is\none which is not made in words. It may be implied from: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Conduct of the parties <\/em><\/li><li><em>Circumstances of the case <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Public telephones in public places offer their services\nfor a certain amount. The offer of these machines is called an implied offer.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-green-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>TO WHOM MADE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1. GENERAL OFFER\/ PROPOSAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The offer addressed to the public at large is general offer. A General offer may be accepted by any person by performing the conditions of offer. A General offer does not require any communication for its acceptance but is accepted by the conduct of the parties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>CASE: CARLILL VS. CARBOLIC SMOKE BALL\nCOMPANY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">A company advertised that a reward of 100 Euros would be given to any person who would suffer from influenza after using the medicines made by the company, if used according to the printed directions. One lady Mrs. Carlill purchased and used the medicine according to the printed directions of the company and suffered from influenza. She file a suit to recover the reward. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The court held that there was a contract as she has accepted a General offer by using the medicine in the prescribed manner as such she was entitled to recover the amount. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>2. SPECIFIC OFFER <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">A specific offer is\nthe one which is made to an individual or a group of individuals. Such an offer\ncan be accepted by the person or persons to whom it is addressed. It means an\noffer made to: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>A particular person, or <\/em><\/li><li><em>A group of persons <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">William offers to buy a car from Miley for \u20b9 10 lacs. It is a specific offer and only Miley can\naccept it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-green-background-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>OTHER TYPES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1. COUNTER OFFER <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">When an offeree offers\nto accept the offer of the offeror, subject to some modifications or changes or\nconditions, the offer of the offeree is called counter offer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The counter offer\nresults in a new offer and old offer comes to an end and cannot be revived. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Akash asks Meena: Will you purchase my car for \u20b9 1,00,000. Meena replies \u201cI will purchase your car if you sell it for \u20b9 75,000.\u201d In this case, the resulting offer of Meena is a counter offer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">X offers to sell his cycle to Y for \u20b91,000. Y says he will buy it for \u20b9900. X refuses to sell it. Y again says that he is willing to buy it for \u20b91,000. This time X is not bound to sell the bicycle for \u20b91,000 because the original offer of \u20b91,000 has lapsed and a new offer of \u20b91,000 by Y is a counter offer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Legal\neffect of Counter offer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Rejection of an original offer <\/li><li>Original offer is lapsed <\/li><li>Counter offer results in new offer <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>2. CROSS OFFER <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Two offers are said\nto be crossed if: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>They are made by the same parties to\none another.<\/li><li>Each offer made in ignorance of the\noffer made by the both parties. <\/li><li>The term and conditions contained in\nboth offers are the same. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In this case, No\ncontract will be created as ones, offer cannot be taken as acceptance by others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">H Road to T offering to sell him 800 tons of coal at \u20b9 69 each ton. On the same day T wrote to H letters buy\n800 tons of coal at \u20b9 69. Their letters crossed in the post.\nT contended that there was a good contract. Held there was no contract as it\nwas a cross offer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>3. STANDING OFFER <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">An offer is standing\noffer if it is intended to remain open for a specified period and can be\naccepted any time during that period. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">When an organization\nrequires large quantities of goods from time, it is usual for the concern to\ninvite tenders, through an advertisement, for the supply of goods or services. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The tender offer is\nalso called Standing offer or Open offer or Continuing offer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>CASE: GREAT NORTHERN RAIL VERSUS WITHAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">A railway company invited tenders for certain iron\narticles which it might require over a year. Mr. W\u2019s tender was accepted. W had\nto supply the goods to the railway company from time to time as per the orders\ngiven by the latter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The acceptance of the standing offer leads to the agreement that as and when the goods and services are required, and order is placed with the person who submitted tender and each time a distinct or different contract is made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">From the above case, it is clear that when a person offers to another to continuously supply a certain quantity of goods over a certain period and at a definite rate, then the offer is standing offer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Also Study:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also Study:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also Study:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Also Study:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/indian-contract-act-1872\/\">Indian contract act, 1872<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/offer-or-proposal-its-valid-essentials\/\">Offer or proposal and its valid essentials<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/important-kinds-of-offer-or-proposal\/\">Kinds of offer or proposal<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/valid-essentials-of-acceptance\/\">Valid essentials of acceptance<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/valid-consideration\/\">Valid Consideration<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/revocation-of-offer-and-acceptance\/\">Revocation of offer and acceptance<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/lapse-of-an-offer\/\">Lapse of an offer<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/no-consideration-no-contract\/\">No consideration no contract<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/stranger-to-contract\/\">Stranger to contract<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/capacity-to-contract\/\">Capacity to contract<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/free-consent-in-contract\/\">Free consent in Contract<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/v\" target=\"_blank\">Coercion<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/remedies-for-breach-of-contract\/\">Remedies of breach of contract<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/undue-influence\/\">Undue Influence<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/coercion-vs-undue-influence\/\">Coercion vs Undue Influence<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/fraud\/\">Fraud<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/misrepresentation\/\">Misrepresentation<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/mistake-in-contract-law\/\">Mistake<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/fraud-vs-misrepresentation\/\">Fraud vs misrepresentation<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/discharge-of-contract\/\">Discharge of contract<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/contract-of-indemnity\/\">Contract of Indemnity<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/contract-of-guarantee-notes\/\">Contract of Guarantee Notes<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/surety\/\">Surety under contract act<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/v\" target=\"_blank\">Difference between Indemnity and guarantee<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"http:\/\/v\" target=\"_blank\">Contract of bailment<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/v\" target=\"_blank\">Contract of pledge<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/difference-between-pledge-and-bailment\/\">Difference between Bailment and pledge<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/consumer-protection-act-1986\/\">Consumer Protection Act 1986<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/limited-liability-partnership\/\">Limited Liability partnership<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/v\" target=\"_blank\">Difference between LLP and Partnership<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/contract-of-agency\/\">Contract of agency<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/contract-of-sale-of-goods\/\">Contract of sale of goods<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/kajal-mahajan-7549b2197\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CONNECT ON LINKEDIN<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/images-50-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"kinds of offer in business law\" class=\"wp-image-5303\"\/><figcaption>KINDS OF OFFER IN BUSINESS LAW<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Offer is an expression of will or intention and also known as proposal. An offer may be express, implied, general, specific, counter, cross and standing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commerceiets.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}